What
is
Causing
the
Pain??
Your
spine
must
be
stable
to
support
upright
posture,
and
also
flexible,
allowing
you
to
bend
and
twist.
This
is
mechanically
very
challenging
and
makes
your
spine
vulnerable
to
injury.
The
spine
is
made
up
of a
chain
of
bones,
called
vertebrae,
which
are
connected
together
by
ligaments
and
muscles.
The
vertebrae
cover
and
protect
the
spinal
cord,
which
carries
sensory
messages
to
and
from
the
brain,
controlling
all
your
body
functions.
A
disc
separates
each
vertebrae
and
acts
like
a
cushion,
absorbing
shock
along
the
spine.
The
disc
is
made
up
of
jelly
like
substance
known
as
the
nucleus,
covered
with
many
strong
outer
layers
called
the
annulus.
The
discs
do
not
have
a
supply
of
blood
vessels
to
nourish
and
replenish
them,
rather,
they
depend
on
a
transfer
of
fluids,
nutrients
and
oxygen
from
the
bones
(vertebrae)
above
and
below
them.
This
transfer
of
fluid
depends
on
the
difference
in
pressure
between
the
inside
of
the
discs
and
the
surrounding
vertebrae
and
blood
vessels.
This
is
why
most
disc
nutrition
and
regeneration
takes
place
when
we
lie
down
and
the
pressure
inside
the
discs
is
reduced.
This
process
is
not
very
efficient,
and
as
we
age,
the
disc
is
exposed
to
wear
and
tear
greater
than
its
ability
to
heal
and
regenerate.
The
discs
are
prone
to
injury
and
degeneration
as
we
use
our
backs
each
day,
as
they
are
compressed
and
torqued
through
sitting,
bending
and
lifting.
In
the
two
lower
levels
of
the
lumbar
spine,
stress
forces
can
equal
2,000
to
3,000
pounds
of
pressure
per
square
inch.
Repeated
injury
weakens
the
annulus,
while
the
earliest
changes
that
occur
in
the
discs
are
tears
in
the
annulus.
With
increased
pressure
inside
the
disc,
the
tears
in
the
annulus
may
allow
the
disc
to
bulge
like
an
old
tire
with
a
broken
casing.
Any
internal
damage
to
the
disc
may
cause
severe
pain
in
the
back.
If
all
of
the
layers
of
the
annulus
break,
the
jelly-like
nucleus
will
ooze
out
of
the
disc,
causing
a
disc
herniation.
A
bulging
or
herniated
disc
may
press
on
spinal
nerves,
causing
sciatica,
which
can
be
felt
as
weakness
in
your
muscles,
loss
of
sensation
in
the
skin
or a
tingling
or
burning
sensation
along
the
nerves
in
your
buttock
and
legs.
Repeated
episodes
of
injury
results
in
the
degeneration
of
the
disc,
which
becomes
stiff
and
dry,
causing
it
to
lose
its
shock
absorbing
properties.
This
process
may
continue
until
the
disc
is
collapsed,
which
increases
the
mechanical
pressure
on
the
bones
and
joints
lending
to
arthritis
(facet
syndrome).
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